Method and apparatus for the extraction of juices from vegetable pulp and the like



Jan. 25, 1938. c. E. JENKINS 2,106,409

METHOD AND AKPARATUS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF JUICES FROM VEGETABLE PUL-PAND THE LIKE Filed Sept. 26, 193l 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 1938. c. E. JENKINSMETHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF JUICES FROM VEGETABLE PULPAND THE LIKE Filed Sept 26, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Jan. 25,1938. c. E. JENKINS 2,106,409

, METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF JUICES FROM VEGETABLE PULPAND THE um:

Filed Sept. 26, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet s M 45 .9 i 50 53 Z 55 50 27 i I I!I I g 9 t 43 M I 'l '1 49 1 JP T 17 l g I 38 1 12 IN VENTOR Jan. 25,1938. c. E. JENKINS 2,106,409

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF JUICES FROM VEGETABLE PULPAND THE LIKE Filed Sept. 26, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 METHOD m APPARATUSFOR THE-EX- TRACTION OF JUICES FROM VEGETABLE PULP AND THE LIKE ClarenceE. Jenkins, Keene, N. 11., asalgnor, by

direct and mesne assignments, to 1300i! Corporation, trustee,Pittsburgh, Pa, a corporation of Delaware Application September 26,1931, No. 565,274

83 Claims.

The present invention pertains to the art of dehydrating, and relatesmore particularLv to the extraction of juices from vegetable pulp andlike materials.

The invention will be particularly described for the extraction of fruitjuice from fruits and special reference will be made to the extractionof juice from apples, to which the invention finds particular commercialapplication, but it will be understood that this is merely by way ofillustration.

It has heretofore been proposed to extract water or juice by the use ofa travelling filter band and also to dehydrate by subjecting thematerial to a centrifuging action.

In the practice. of the present invention I contemplate efiectingextraction by simultaneously using a travelling filter band and acentrifuge.

Moreover, the invention contemplates a method and apparatus according towhich the pulp or other material is subjected to a number of pressingand centrifuging operations over the same pressing surfaces, but isre-adjusted and agitated following each centrifuging and squeezingoperation.

In practicing the invention the more moist particles are thrown againstthe drier particles and this operation is used largely to assist ineffecting the final separation of the fresh and partially dehydratedpulp from the substantially y p p- While the invention is notparticularly limited as to its size and capacity, I provide a unit whichis sufliciently small to be portable and which can conveniently be usedin soda fountains, beverage stands and like places where it is desiredto dispense freshly extracted fruit juice as a beverage.

I have found when certain fruits, as for instance, an apple is cut up,the juice can be most freely extracted immediately following the cuttingof the fruit cells. If extraction is not effected immediately, the pulptends to re-absorb the juice, the walls of the ruptured cells eithercollapse to retain the juice, or the pectin in the fruit tends to form ajelly which seals the cells.

With the present invention the juice is extracted under conditions mostfavorable for its removal and before the pulp has aged to an extentwhere the extraction is repeated.

The invention may be readily understood by reference to the accompanyingdrawings in which Figure 1 is a more or less diagrammatic view of anapparatus embodying one principle of my invention;

Figure 3-is a diagram similar to Figs-1 and 2 showing still anothermodification of the invention;

Figure 4 is a side elevation of a machineof portable size embodying myinvention;

Figure 5 is a top plan view of the machine shown in Figure 4;

Figure 6 is a view partly in section and partly in elevation showing theinterior construction of the machine;

Figure '7 is a transverse horizontal section in the plane of lineVII-VIE of Figure 6, with the cover and its attached mechanism removedbut with the position of the parts indicated in dotted lines;

Figure 8 is a bottom plan view of the cover with its attached mechanism,but with the larger pulley omitted and with the belt removed;

Figure 9 is a detail view showing the construction of the belt;

Figure 10 is a detail sectional view through the larger pulley, the viewbeing also in the plane of line VIL-VII of Figure 6, but being on alarger scale;

Figure 11 is a perspective view of the juice collecting trough;

Figure 12 is a detail side elevation of the frut holding hopper;

Figure 13 is a top plan view of the part shown in Figure 12; and

Figure 14 is a sectional view through a modified form of device.

Referring first to Figure 1, there is shown more or lessdiagrammatically an apparatus comprising spaced apart pulleys 2 and 3,one of which may be positively driven from a motor or other sourceof-power, not shown. The pulleys may be assumed to rotate in thedirection of the arrows, and for the purpose of illustration it may beassumed that their axes are vertical and the view therefore a top planview. Passing around the periphery of the pulleys 2 and 3 is acontinuous belt I. This belt, as shown in Figure 9,

preferably comprises a layer of coarsely woven fabric which is fairlycoarse and through which air will easily permeate. Inside of this web ofcoarse fabric, designated 5, is a layer of very finely woven fabric 6.

Enclosing, or partly enclosing this unit, is juice collecting trough Ihaving a vertical side wall and a trough-like bottom 9, and there is aspout at in toward which the bottom trough slopes for the discharge offluidtherefrom.

Assuming that the machine operates to rotatethe pulleys in the directionof the arrows, the belt of course serves to transmit motion from onepulley to the other. The fruit, such as an apple, can be fed into thespace where the belt 4 engages the pulley 2. I have indicated the fruitat this point by the circle at A. The fruit is gripped and carried underthe belt around the periphery of the pulley 2. This serves to crush thefruit and the juice which is extracted from this crushing of the fruitis thrown off centrifugally against the vertical flange I of the troughmember, gravitating down into the trough 9. The juice is forced throughthe belt, which serves to filter the juice. It may be assumed that assoon as one apple is crushed another is fed into the machine, so thatthe apples are crushed as fast as they are delivered to the machine. Atthe point where the belt 4 leaves the pulley 2 the wettest pulp willcling to the belt 4 because of the greater capillary attraction, whilethe dry pulp tends to adhere more closely to the metal surface of thepulley 2. This results in a large mass of pulp being thrown tangentiallyfrom the surface of the pulley 2 into the space between the two pulleys.The pulp which clings to the belt 4 in that reach of the belt travellingfrom the pulley 2 to the pulley 3 is carried around the periphery of thepulley 3 and again squeezed and centrifuged. The pulp which goes aroundthe surface of the pulley 3 will either cling to the belt or be thrownoff tangentially into the space between the two pulleys. I haveindicated in dotted lines how the pulp is thrown into this space in twodirections.

The opposed streams. of pulp, in traversing the space between the twopulleys, collide with other particles coming from the oppositedirection, as plainly indicated by the dotted lines, and the heavier,more moist particles deflect the lighter more completely dehydratedparticles. The pulp which traverses its course impinges against thesurrounding moving parts, i. e., both the belt and the peripheries ofthe pulleys, where they tend to adhere and are carried around theperiphery of one or the other pulleys again. This cycle repeats itself.many times in a minute and the space between the two pulleys is filledwith the rapidly flying particles of pulp colliding with each other andthe surrounding moving structures. The effect of this is to graduallywork the driest particles toward the edge of the belt from which theyare eventually discharged below the bottom of the trough element 1. Itwill be recalled that fresh pulp is fed into the machine all the time sothat the same belt is carrying a mass of pulp which has been crushed todifferent degrees, some of it of course being freshly crushed pulp,while the other has been crushed two or more times. The flying off ofthe particles through the space between the two pulleys produces acondition where the pulp, instead of stratifying on the belt, iscontinuously stirred up and re-arranged, with the drier pulp alwaysworking toward the edge of the belt, usually working down because of theinfluence of gravity.

By reason of the fact that the pulp is centrifuged as soon as the fruitis crushed, and by reason of the fact that the pulp is subjected to alarge number of centrifuging operations in the course of a minute, withthe agitation and re-arrangement of the pulp on the belt constantlytaking place, the machine extracts a very high percentage of liquid fromthe original mass and the pulp which is gradually worked of! the belt iswell dehydrated.

It is desirable, in order to get the collision of the particles in thespace between the pulleys 2 and 2, that the spacing of the pulleys beproperly proportioned to their size and to the speed at which thepulleys are operated.

With the arrangement shown in Figure 1 practicaiiy all of the dry pulpis thrown ofl centrifugally from the peripheries of the wheels 2 and 3,but if the belt is operated at a lower speed some of the pulp tends tocling to the periphery of the pulleys 2 and 3, and if this occurs ascraper may be used for keeping the surface of the pulleys free.

The arrangement shown in Figure 1 is best adapted for largeinstallations, but for smaller installations where it is not possible orconvenient to crush the whole apple between the pulley and the belt,some arangement such as that shown in Figure 2 is preferred. In Figure 2there are shown two pulleys l2 and IS, the pullzy i3 representing thedriving pulley and being considerably less in diameter than the otherpul ley i2. The interior of the pulley I2 is hollow and is provided witha,horizontal plate i4 having grating teeth for disintegrating the fruit.This pulley has slots IS in its periphery. Passing around the twopulleys is a belt l6 similar to the one hereinbefore described and asshown in Fig. 9.

With this type of machine the fruit is fed to the interior of the pulleyl2 where it is grated or rasped on the rotating plate or disc l4. Sincethe juice flows most readily from an apple or similar fruit immediatelyfollowing the cutting, it will be apparent that the centrifuging actionof the rotating disc l4 will serve to throw the freshly cut pulp and thejuice which runs out of the fruit through the peripheral openings ii inthe pulley i2. Most of this juice and pulp will pass through the slotsl5 directly onto the surface of the travelling belt. At I1 is a juicecollecting trough similar to the juice collector I mentioned inconnection with Figure 1. The juice which is thrown from the interior ofthe pulley l2 through the slots in the periphery thereof against thebelt I6 is thrown by centrifugal action into the juice receiver I'I.Some of the juice of course will be thrown out of that portion of theperiphery of i2 which is not covered by the belt, but it impingesagainst the belt and pulley i3. Likewise, the pulp is thrown violentlyby centrifugal action through the slots against the belt and the impactof the pulp toward the belt tends toward breaking up the pulp and theextraction of juice therefrom, the pulp of course being centrifuged. Thefresh pulp thrown out through the slots in the periphery of the pulleyi2 adheres for the most part to the belt and is carried around thepulley l3 where it is further squeezed and simultaneously centrifuged.

The pulley l3 in the arrangement shown in Fig. 2 is preferably thedriving pulley. The presence of the pulp between the pulley i3 and thebelt i6 tends to produce a certain amount of slip and this tends toprevent pulp from adhering to the pulley l3 at all. Some of the pulpclings to the belt i6 while some of it is thrown at a high velocity intothe space between the two pulleys, as indicated by the dotted lines, andit meets with the pulp thrown oil. and out of the larger pulley l2, asdescribed in connection with Fig. 1, and the collision of the particleswith one another and the surrounding moving parts, tending to deflectthe lighter particles more than the heavier particles, together withgravity, tends eventually to cause the light dry particles to be workedofi the belt. r

' As previously stated, the more moist pulp tends to cling to the beltwhile the drier pulp tends to adhere to the periphery of the pulley t2.If the machine is operated at a sufllciently high speed practically allof the pulp which tends to adhere to the pulley l2 will be thrown offinto the space between the two pulleys and separation will be effectedin the manner previously described, but in order that the machine neednot be run at such a high speed, I may use a scraper in the form of apin l8 adjacent to but preferably spaced slightly from the periphery ofthe pulley l2 for scraping ofl the dry particles; The dry particles thusscraped 011 the periphery drop down by gravity. I have found that thepin acts most effectively to remove the smooth pieces of fruit skin fromthe periphery of the pulley when it is spaced a slight distance from theperiphery because of the fact that very small pulp particles areretained on the surface of the pulley and these small particles adhereto those pieces of skin which otherwise cling to the belt with thesmooth surface toward the pulley, thus pulling such skin particles offthe belt and carrying them around with the pulley to the scraping pin.

Under some circumstances it is desirable to facilitate the release offibrous material from the belt. For instance, if the machine is used forextracting juice from pineapple pulp and the pineapples are not firstpeeled, the hard hull tends to adhere to the belt. In this case thearrangement shown in Figure 3 is employed. This arrangement issubstantially the same as that described in connection with Figures 1and 2, but a third idler pulley 20 is interposed between the two mainpulleys 2i and 22 so that the belt 23 is givena reverse curve and thepassage of the belt around the idler pulley serves to dislodgesubstances that cling to the belt.

With this explanation of the general method, the adaptation of thecommercial embodiment in a specific form of apparatus may now bedescribed. Such a commercial embodiment is illustrated in Figures 4 to15, inclusive, and follows the general scheme described in connectionwith Figure 2.

The machine, when constructed as a portable unit for use at sodafountains, refreshment stands and the like, preferably comprises ahollow base member or casing 25 having a rubber pad 26 on its base, bothto hold the machine against slipping and to reduce the noise from theoperation of the machine. Fitted onto the top of the casing is aremovable cover member 21 on which is mounted a small electric motor 28.This motor is secured to the top of the cover by means of a screw orbolt 29 which provides a pivot about which the motor has a limitedmovement. As shown in Figure 8, the cover 21 has an arcuate slot 3therein, and a pin or bolt 3| carried on the motor base projects throughthis slot for limiting the arcuate movement of the motor. Between thebase of the motor and the top of the cover is a spring 32 which tends tomove the motor about its pivot in the direction of the arrow shown inFigure 8.

The motor has a spindle 33 that projects through a slot in the cover 21and to whichv is secured a flange belt pulley 34. Mounted 'on thevertical flange 42 and the flange has a number of peripheral slots 43therein, the width of which is relatively narrow as compared to thetotal width of the flange 42 and the bottoms of the slots 43 are flushwith the top of the web 4|. On the top of the horizontal web 4| are aplurality of rasps or teeth 44, the preferred arrangement of which isshown in Figure 10, these rasps or teeth being arranged in spirals sothat each succeeding tooth 44 in a spiral will begin to out where thepreceding one left off, so that the apple or other fruit being reducedis sliced or cut by the rasps from the outside toward the center in aregular manner. Projecting through the cover 21 is a fruit hopper 45. Ihave shown this hopper as being semi-circular when viewed from the topin order to receive half of an apple at a-time. The bottom of the hopper45 terminates above the teeth or rasps 44 on the web 4|. The hopper hasa horizontal plate-like extension 46 on the bottom thereof, as clearlyshown in Figs. 12 and 13, which has the double function of serving tohold detached fruit particles from flying'up inside the pulley and whichalso serves to catch any particles which are thrown from pulley 34and/or the belt, back through the slots 43 and for this purpose it has avery slight curvature as shown in Figure 12.

Passing around the peripheries of the pulleys 34 and 38 is a belt 41which is of the two-ply construction .hereinbefore described and whichis shown in detail in Fig. 9. This belt is under tension, and thepurpose of having the motor with its pulley 34 movable in a slight arcthrough the action of the spring 32 is to keep this belt under tension,but allow it to yield slightly under excessive strain, as whenaconsiderable mass of pulp is confined between the surface of the beltand the pulleys.

Set into the top of the receptacle or shell 25 in such manner as itcanbe readily removed therefrom is a juice collecting trough 48 com prisinga single piece of sheet metal bent to the contour of a portion of theperiphery of the pulleys 34 and 38 and having an intermediate portionextending along one reach of the belt. This member comprises a main sideplate 49 having an inwardly turned top flange 50 and a troughlikeportion at the bottom. The bottom of the trough 5| is sloped from eachend toward a discharge spout 52 projecting through a slot 53 in the sideof the shell 25. This juice collector has a minimum clearance on thebelt, and is removably retained on the inside of the shell 25 by meansof the clips 54.

There is a vertically depending pin 55 secured to the inside of thecover 21 in the space between the 'two pulleys 34 and-38 and sopositioned as to approximate the periphery of the flange 42 of thepulley 38. This pin is located near the point where the belt leaves thepulley, and provides the scraper element heretofore described inconnection with Figure 2.

In the operation of the particular machine shown, the apple from whichthe juice is to be extracted is first cut in half and a half of theapple put in the hopper 45. The machine should be operating when theapple is put into the hopper, andfor holding the apple down against thegrating disc 4| a wooden plug 56 may be embelt travels around the pulley18 the juice is thrown off centrifugally into the receiver 48. The pulp,of course, cannot go through the belt, but tends to form in a centralridge on the belt by reason of the fact that the slots 43 are at aboutthe' center of the belt. The fresh pulp, being full or juice, adheres tothe belt and is carried around the pulley u where it is pressed and morejuice centrifuged into the other end of the trough As previouslyexplained, when the belt leaves the pulley 3|, the pulleys and belttravelling in the direction of the arrow shown in Figure 7, much of thepulp will be dislodged due to the fact that there is a slippage betweenthe driving pulley and the belt caused by the presence of pulp and thispulp will spray out into the space between the pulleys and encounterother pulp thrown off the periphery of the larger pulleys and also theenclosing moving parts, as described in connection with Fig. 2, thuscausing a continuous agitation and stirring up of the pulp by reason ofwhich the drier pulp is worked toward the edges, particularly the loweredge of the belt, and all of the pulp is subjected to many pressing andcentrifuging operations around the peripheries oi the two pulleys. Thedry pulp which tends to accumulate on the surface of the pulley on theperiphery of the flange 42 is removed by the scraper pin II. The shell2| provides a collector into which the dehydrated pulp eventually falls,and this collector is of suiflcient capacity to hold the pulp of a greatmany apples.

While a detailed description of the operation of the machine requiresconsiderable space for its explanation, the machine actually functionsat high speed and the half of an apple is disintegrated and dehydratedin but a few seconds. Just as soon as one piece of apple has beendehydrated, another piece may be fed into the hopper, and the machinerun continuously. Since the extraction is effected very rapidly and in aconfined atmosphere, the extracted juice will retain the bouquet andflavor of the original apple whereby the juice makes a pleasing anddesirable beverage, lighter in color than the familiar cider whereconsiderable oxidation of the juice has taken place, and where thebouquet and distinctive flavor of the original apple is entirely lost.

The machine can be easily cleaned at the end of a day's run by squirtingwater into the hopper 45 while the machine is running, the waterflushing out the machine and dislodging accumulated particles. It isusually desirable to remove the belt entirely. and replace it with afresh one. An important advantage of the belt is that because the finelayer is over a coarse layer of fabric, air can readily permeate betweenthe two layers of fabric. This tends to break up and relieve suctionwhich tends to hold the particles to the belt if the pulp is thrownagainst a smooth surface fabric.

The modification disclosed in Fig. 14 represents a simplified unit. Inthis figure 51 designates a hollow shell or container having a removablecover II. The cover It supports a fruit hopper ll similar to the memberll shown in Fig. 12. Also carried on the top Cl is a motor I having ashaft Oi passing down through the cover and having a disc I at the lowerend thereof. This disc has an upstanding flange 63 which preferablyslopes upwardly and inwardly and there are passages 04 through the discimmediately inside this flange. The area of the disc within the flangeis roughened or rasped for disintegrating fruit.

The disc 62 is provided with a depending flange 65, the middle portionof which is perforated with very small holes. Surrounding the flange 85and suitably supported within the receptacle 5! is an annular juicereceiving trough i6 and a discharge pipe 61. The cover 58 carries aninverted bracket arm 68, the inner end of which is turned up inside theflange 65 and carries a roller 69 which bears against the inner surfaceof the flange 65; or is spaced only a very slight distance away from theIn operation, the fruit is put into the hopper 59 and is disintegratedby the rasps on the disc 82 and thrown out centrifugally against theflange 63, and the slope of the flange directs the juice and pulpthrough the openings 84 against the downwardlyturned flange 85. The pulpadheres to the revolving flange 85 and is centrifuged. As the flangerevolves, the pulp is also squeezed by the roller 9 so that thesqueezing and centrifuging occurs simultaneously. The roller 69 is ofcourse driven frictionally. Some of the pulp is picked up by the roller69 and thrown off into the space inside the revolving member, where someof it redeposits for further centrifuging, and other pulp, because it isdry, does not adhere but drops down into the receptacle 51. The juice ofcourse is thrown'into the collector 66, from whence it is dischargedthrough the spout 61.

With either type of machine, the pulp is formed into an endlessprocession on a travelling fllter member and is simultaneously squeezedand centrifuged during a portion of its travel and in each the drierpulp is discharged by reason of its lower adhesion to the surroundingmoving parts.

As previously mentioned, the machine shown represents a practicalembodiment of an apparatus for practicing my invention in small unitssuitable for soda fountains, beverage stands and the like, but it willbe understood that this is merely by way of illustration and thatvarious other embodiments of the invention are contemplated within thescope of the following claims.

I claim:

1. Apparatus for the extraction of juice from pulp or the likecomprising a pair of pulleys having their axes vertical, 9, single beltpassing around the pulleys, said single belt and pulleys constitutingthe entire pulp pressing and conveying means, means for introducing pulpfrom which juice is to be extracted to the inner surface of the belt byimpact, and a juice collector extending along the belt in a position toreceive the juice thrown off the belt, and driving means for the belt.

2. Apparatus for the extraction of juice from pulp or the likecomprising a pair of pulleys, a belt passing around the pulleys, meansfor introducing pulp from which juice is to be extracted to the innersurface of the belt, a juice collector extending along the belt in aposition to receive the juice thrown off the belt, and driving means forthe belt, the axes of the pulleys being in a substantially verticalplane and the belt being substantially edgewise to a horizontal plane,said juice collector comprisinga vertical plate extending along the beltand having a trough portion thereon adjacent the lower edge of the belt.

3. Apparatus for the extraction of juice from pulp or the likecomprising a pair of pulleys, a belt passing around the pulleys, meansfor introducing pulp from which juice is to be extracted to the innersurface of the belt, a juice collector extending along the belt in aposition to receive the juice thrown off the belt, and driving means forthe belt, the axes of the pulleys being in a substantially verticalplane and the belt being substantially edgewise to a horizontal plane,said juice collector comprising a vertical plate having a trough portionthereonadjacent the lower edge of the belt, the top of the trough beingabove the lower edge of the belt whereby the dry pulp discharged fromthe lower edge of the belt will not be thrown into the trough.

4. Apparatus for the extraction of juice from pulp or the likecomprising at least two spaced apart pulleys, one of said pulleys beinghollow and having a web portion therein and having openings through theside walls thereof above the web portion, a belt passing around thepulleys and enclosing the space between them, means for introducingmaterial from which juice is to be ex tracted into the hollow pulley,means for driving one of the pulleys, and a juice collector extendingalong the belt in one reach between the pulleys and extending at leastpart way around the pe ripheries of the pulleys.

5. Apparatus for the extraction of juice from pulp or the likecomprising at least two spaced apart pulleys, one of which is hollow andhas peripheral openings through the side walls thereof, a, belt passingover the peripheries of the pulleys and enclosing the space betweenthem, means for introducing material from which juice is to be extractedto the interior of the hollow pulley, and a juice collector outside thebelt and curved part way around the pulleys and so positioned as toreceive juice which is thrown ofi centrifugally through the belt.

6. Apparatus for the extraction of juice from pulp or the likecomprising at least two spaced apart pulleys, one of which is hollow andhas peripheral openings through the side walls thereof, a belt passingover the peripheries of the pulleys and enclosing the space betweenthem, means for introducing material from which juice is to be extractedto the interior of the hollow pulley, and a juice collector outside thebelt and curved part way around the pulleys and so positioned as toreceive juice which is thrown ofi centrifugally through the belt, saidpulleys having vertical axes and the belt being substantially edgewiseto a horizontal plane, the hollow pulley having a horizontal webtherein, the top of which is in the plane of the openings through theperiphery of said hollow pulley, the openings and the web being in aplane intermediate the top and bottom edges of the belt whereby materialis thrown through the openings centrifugally against the belt betweenits upper and lower edges.

7. Apparatus for the extraction of juice from pulp or the likecomprising at least two pulleys,

one of which is hollow and has peripheral openings through the sidewalls thereof, a belt passing over the peripheries of the pulleys, meansfor introducing material from which juice is to be extracted to theinterior of the hollow pulley, and a juice collector outside the beltand curved part way around the pulleys and so positioned as to receivejuice which is thrown off centriiugally through the belt, said pulleyshaving vertical axes and the belt being substantially edgewise to ahorizontal plane, the hollow pulley having a horizontal web therein, thetop of which is in the plane of the openings through the periphery ofsaid hollow pulley, the openings and the web being in a planeintermediate the top and bottom edges of the belt whereby material isthrown through the openings centrifugally against the belt between itsupper and lower edges, said web having rasping elements thereon fordisintegrating material from which the juice is to be extracted. I

8. Apparatus for the extraction of juice from fruitor the likecomprising a pair of pulleys, one of which is hollow and has peripheralopenings through the side walls thereof, said openings beingintermediate the edges of the pulley, a belt passing around the pulleys,said hollow pulley having a web therein located in substantially theplane of the openings through the periphery of the pulley, raspingelements on the web, and a fruit holding hopper projecting into thehollow pulley and terminating in proximity to the web.

9. Apparatus for the extraction of juice from fruit or the likecomprising a pair of pulleys, one of which is hollow and has peripheralopenings through the side walls thereof, said openings beingintermediate the edges of the pulley, a belt passing around the pulleys,said hollow pulley having a web therein located in substantially theplane of the openings through the periphery of the pulley, raspingelements on the web, and a fruit holding hopper projecting into thehollow pulley and terminating in proximity to the web, said hopperhaving a plate thereon extending over a portion of the web at one sideof the hopper, said plate being spaced a slight distance away from theweb.

10. Apparatus for the extraction of juice from fruit or the likecomprising a pair of pulleys, one of which is hollow and has peripheralopenings through the side walls thereof, said openings beingintermediate the edges of the pulley, a belt passing around the pulleys,said hollow pulley having a web therein located in substantially theplane of the openings through the periphery of the pulley, raspingelements on the web, a fruit holding hopper projecting into the hollowpulley and terminating in proximity to the web, said hopper having aplate thereon extending over a portion of the web at one side of thehopper, said plate being spaced a slight distance away from the web,means for driving-the other pulley, and a juice collector extendingalong the belt and at least partially encircling the peripheries of thepulleys, the juice collector being spaced from the belt.

11. Apparatus for the extraction of juice from fruit or the likecomprising a pair of pulleys, one of which is hollow and has peripheralopenings through the side walls thereof, said openings beingintermediate the edges of the pulley, a belt passing around the pulleys,said hollow pulley having a web therein located in substantially theplane of the openings through the periphery of the pulley, raspingelements on the Web, a fruit holding hopper projecting into the hollowpulley and terminating in proximity to the web, said a juice collectorextending along the belt and at least partially encircling theperipheries of the pulleys, the juice collector being spaced from thebelt, the driving pulley being of considerably smaller diameter than thehollow pulley.

12. A machine of the class described comprising two pulleys, a pressingand filter belt passing around the pulleys, the space between thepulleys and the opposite reaches of the belt being open andunobstructed, means for introducing pulp to the inner surface of thebelt, and a juice collector at the exterior of the belt at leastpartially encircling the pulleys and extending along one reach of thebelt intermediate .zhe pulleys.

13. A machine of the class dscribed comprising two pulleys havingvertical axes, a pressin and filter belt passing around the pulleys,means for introducing pulp to the inner surface of the belt, and a juicecollector at the exterior of the belt at least partially encircling thepulleys, the pulleys being spaced and the reaches of the belt beingspaced, there being an open space between the pulleys and the oppositereaches of the belt, and means for driving the pulleys and belt at suchspeed that pulp is thrown into the space between the pulleys in oppositedirections across the space and the pulp particles caused to collide.

14. A machine of the class described comprising at least two pulleyshaving vertical axes, a pressing and fllter belt passing around thepulleys and disposed edgewise to a horizontal plane, means forintroducing the pulp to the inner surface of the belt, a juice collectorat the exterior of the belt extending along one reach of the belt and atleast partially around the pulleys, and a member adjacent the peripheryof one of the pulleys at a point where the periphery-of such pulley isclear of the belt for removing particles adhering to the periphery ofsaid pulley.

15. A machine of the class described comprising at least two pulleyshaving vertical axes, a pressing and filter belt passing around thepulleys and disposed edgewise to a horizontal plane, means forintroducing the pulp to the inner surface of the belt, a juice collectorat the exterior of the belt extending along one reach of the belt and atleast partially around the pulleys, and a member adjacent the peripheryof one of the pulleys at a point where the periphery of such pulley isclear of the belt for removing particles adhering to the periphery ofsaid pulley, said member being spaced a slight distance away from saidpulley.

16. Apparatus of the class described comprising a drum-like memberhaving its axis vertical, means for rotating the drum-like member aboutits vertical axis, said member being open at its lower end to permit thefree discharge of pulp therefrom, said member having a perforateperipheral side portion through which juice may pass, a roller insidethe drum closely adjacent the peripheral side portion thereof and ofless diameter than the interior of the drum, and a juice collectorsurrounding the drum-like member, said drum-like member also having adisc portion, the disc portion having openings therethrough throughwhich pulp may pass and means for deflecting the pulp through saidopenings under centrifugal force from the outside of the disc member tothe interior of the drum-like member.

17. Apparatus of the class described comprising a drum-like memberhaving its axis vertical, means for rotating the drum-like member aboutits vertical axis, said member being open at its lower end to permit thefree discharge of pulp therefrom, said member having a perforateperipheral side portion through which juice may pass, a roller insidethe drum closely adjacent the peripheral side portion thereof and ofless diameter than the interior of the drum, and a juice collectorsurrounding the drum-like member, said drum-like member also having adisc portion. the disc portion having openings therethrough throughwhich pulp may pass under centrifugal force from the outside of the discmember to the interior of the drum-like member, said disc member havingmeans thereon for disintegrating fruit or the like, stationary means forretaining fruit in position to be disintegrated, and a flange on thedisc-like member for directing pulp under action of centrifugal force tothe openings in said disc-like member.

18. The method of extracting juice from fruit which comprises reducingfruit to pulp, taking the pulp immediately as it is formed andinstantaneously discharging it into an endless procession of pulp invarious stages of dehydration and simultaneously centrifuging andpressing the pulp in said procession, removing part of said pulp fromsaid procession and returning it to the procession at a differentposition while the squeezing and centrifuging operation continues.

19. The method of extracting juice from pulp which comprises forming andcontinuously supplying pulp to an endless strip or procession positionededgewise to a horizontal plane, simultaneously centrifuging and pressingsaid strip or procession, and permanently removing part of said pulpfrom said strip or processionby the diiference in adhesion between thewet pulp and the dry pulp.

20. A machine of the class described comprising two pulleys, a pressingand filtering belt passing around the two pulleys, means for introducingpulp to the inner surface of said belt, and means engaging one reach ofthe belt between the two pulleys for deflecting it from a linetangential to said two pulleys to thereby cause pulp adhering to thebelt to be thrown clear of the belt at such point of deflection, one ofsaid two pulleys being larger than the other, said means being sopositioned that the pulp which is thrown clear moves in a directiontoward the larger pulley, and means for driving the belt and pulleys athigh speed.

21. The method of extracting juice from pulp or the like, whichcomprises continuously throwing and rethrowing the pulp against a movingforaminous member, and subjecting the pulp and foraminous member to acentrifuging step after the pulp has been thrown against said member andwhile it is adhering thereto, and withdrawing pulp particles which failto reach or adhere to the moving foraminous member when they are throwntoward said member.

22. The method of extracting juice from pulp or the like, whichcomprises continuously throwing and rethrowing the pulp against a movingforaminous member, subjecting the pulp and foraminous member to acentrifuging step after the pulp has been thrown against said member andwhile it is adhering thereto, withdrawing the pulp particles which failto reach or adhere to the moving foraminous member when they are throwntoward said member, and continuously mingling fresh pulp with pulp thathas been thrown and centrifuged one or more times.

23. The method of extracting juice from pulp or the like, whichcomprises throwing and rethrowing pulp against a foraminous surface,pressing the pulp against the surface and centrifugally removing thejuice which is pressed of said pulleys being adapted to introduce mate--rial against the inner surface of the belt," and means to deflect onereach of the belt from a straight path between the two pulleys wherebythe material on the belt is thrown clear thereof, means for driving thebelt and the pulleys at high speed, the space between the oppositereaches of the belt being open.

25. The method of extracting juice from pulp, which comprisescontinuously throwing pulp particles through space against a foraminousmember, subjecting the particles to pressure while they are held againstthe member and then rethrowing the particles against the member, andremoving material which does not adhere to the foraminous member orwhich after being thrown fails to again lodge on the member.

26. Apparatus of the class described, comprising two pulleys and a beltpassing about the pulleys, the space between the pulleys and the tworeaches of the belt being open, and means for driving the pulleys andbelt at such high speed as to cause material to be thrown from the beltacross the open space. 1

27. Apparatus of the class described, comprising two pulleys and a beltpassing about the pulleys, the space between the pulleys and the tworeaches of the belt being open, and means for driving the pulleys andbelt at such high speed as to cause material to be thrown from the beltacross the open space, one of said pulleys being arranged to dischargefresh material through its periphery and against the inner surface ofthe belt.

28. Apparatus of the class described, comprising a pair of pulleys and abelt passing there about, and means for driving the same, said pulleysand belt being so disposed with relation to each other that material isthrown from a region on one part of the belt against another portion ofthe belt moving in an opposite direction.

29. Apparatus of the class described, comprising a pair of pulleys and abelt passing thereabout, means for driving the same, said pulleys andbelt being so disposed with relation to each other that material isthrown from a region on one part of the belt against another portion ofthe belt moving in an opposite direction, and means for deflecting onereach of the belt from a line of contact between the two pulleys to moreeffectually produce a discharge of material from the deflected portionof the belt into the space between the reaches of the belt.

30. In the art of extracting juice from pulp, the steps which comprisesubjecting the pulp to a rapid succession of pressing and centrifugingoperations and between such operations throwing the pulp as a dispersionthrough space to a position for re-pressing and centrifuging, permittingthe particles which'fall out of the dispersion to be removed from themass, and continuously mingling fresh pulp with that which has beenpressed one or more times.

31. Apparatus for the extraction of juice from pulp or the like,comprising a continuous movable filter band disposed edgewise to ahorizontal plane and movable through a curved path and being open at itslower end, means for driving said band, means for delivering comminutedfruit pulp or the like against the inner face of said band, said drivingmeans being arranged to move the band at a speed sufficient to normallyhold the pulp delivered to the hand against the inner face of the band,a roller eccentrically positioned inside the band and being arranged topress pulp carried around on the inner face of the band, a

fixed support for said roller, said roller'constitut- 32. Apparatus forthe extraction of juice from pulp or the like, comprising a continuousmove able filter band disposed edgewise to a horizontal plane andmovable through a curved path, means for driving said band, means fordelivering comminuted fruit pulp or the like against the inner face ofsaid band, said means comprising a grating disc movable in the samedirection as the filter band and having means at its edge for directingpulp downwardly and outwardly by centrifugal force against the innerface of the band to thereby distribute pulp over the inner face of theband and with a motion that causes it to remain on the band at the pointof impingement with the band until it is subsequently rearranged, aroller eccentrically positioned inside the band and being arranged topress against pulp carried by the inner face of the band, said rollerconstituting the principal mechanical means for effecting rearrangementof particles on the filter band and for effecting separation of the dryand moist pulp, and a juice collector outside the band arranged tocollect juice discharged therethrough, the dry pulp when discharged fromthe band having a path of discharge downwardly from the space confinedby the band.

33. Apparatus for removing juice from pulp by a combined pressing andcentrifuging, comprising a continuous foraminous member set edgewise toa horizontal plane and being substantially completely open at itsbottom, means for driving the member at relatively high speed, means forsupplying fresh pulp to the inner surface of the said member, rollermeans positioned within the said member to press against pulp on theinner face of said member to squeeze it, said roller means constitutingthe only means for cooperation with the inner surface of said member forengaging pulp on said inner surface, said member and roller meanscooperating to remove the CLARENCE E. JENKINS.

